1. Hordhac

Antimony, sida birta aan birta ahayn ee muhiimka ah, ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dib-u-celinta ololka, alloys, semiconductors iyo goobo kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macdanta antimony ee dabiiciga ah waxay inta badan la nool yihiin arsenic, taas oo keenta maadada arsenic sare ee antimony cayriin taas oo si weyn u saamaysa waxqabadka iyo codsiyada alaabta antimony. Maqaalkani wuxuu si nidaamsan u soo bandhigayaa habab kala duwan oo loogu talagalay ka saarista arsenic ee nadiifinta antimony cayriin, oo ay ku jiraan pyrometallurgical refining, hydrometallurgical refining, iyo electrolytic sifeynta, faahfaahinta mabaadi'da, socodka habka, xaaladaha hawlgalka, iyo faa'iidooyinka / khasaaraha.

2. Sifaynta Pyrometallurgical ee ka saarida Arsenic

2.1 Habka Sifaynta Alkaline

2.1.1 Mabda'a

Habka sifaynta alkaline wuxuu ka saaraa arsenic ku salaysan falcelinta u dhaxaysa arsenic iyo alkali xeryahooda biraha si ay u sameeyaan arsenates. Isla'egyada falcelinta ugu weyn:
2S + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4S + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Geedi socodka socodka

1. Diyaarinta walxaha ceeriin: Ku burburi antimony cayriin qaybo 5-10mm kuna qas dambaska soodhaha
2. Dhalinta: Kuleylka foornada dib-u-celinta ilaa 850-950 ° C, qabo 2-3 saacadood
3. Oxidation: Soo geli hawo cadaadis leh (cadaadiska 0.2-0.3MPa), heerka socodka 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Sameynta Slag: Ku dar qadarka cusbada ku habboon (NaNO₃) sida oksidaant, qiyaasta 3-5% miisaanka antimony
5. Ka saarida Slag: Ka dib markaad dejiso 30 daqiiqo, ka saar dharbaaxada dusha sare
6. Ku soo celi hawlgalka: Ku celi habka kor ku xusan 2-3 jeer

2.1.3 Xakamaynta Halbeegga Habraaca

• Xakamaynta heerkulka: Heerkulka ugu fiican 900± 20°C
• Qiyaasta Alkali: Ku hagaaji si waafaqsan maaddooyinka arsenic, sida caadiga ah 8-12% miisaanka antimony
• Waqtiga Oxidation: 1-1.5 saacadood wareeggii oksaydhka

2.1.4 Waxtarka Ka Saaridda Arsenic

Waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa waxyaabaha arsenic laga bilaabo 2-5% ilaa 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Habka is-bedbeddelka Oxidative

2.2.1 Mabda'a

Wuxuu adeegsadaa sifada ah in arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) uu aad u kacsan yahay marka loo eego antimony oxide. Sida ₂O₃ waxa ay ku rogmataa 193°C, halka Sb₂O₃ u baahan tahay 656°C.

2.2.2 Geedi socodka socodka

1. Dhalista Oxidative: Kuleylka foornada wareegta ah ilaa 600-650C oo leh hawo
2. Daaweynta gaaska hargabka: Isku ururi oo ka soo kabso xaalad kacsan
3. Yaraynta dhalaalidda: Iska yaree walxaha soo hadhay 1200°C kookaha
4. Sifeynta: Ku dar qadar yar oo dambas soodhaha ah si loo sii nadiifiyo

2.2.3 Halbeegyada Furaha

• Heerarka Ogsajiinta: 21-28%
• Waqtiga joogitaanka: 4-6 saacadood
• Xawaaraha wareeg: 0.5-1r/min

3. Sifaynta Hydrometallurgical ee Saaridda Arsenic

3.1 Habka Leaching Alkali Sulfide

3.1.1 Mabda'a

Wuxuu adeegsadaa sifada in arsenic sulfide uu leeyahay milmi sare ee xalalka alkali sulfide marka loo eego antimony sulfide. Falcelinta ugu weyn:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Aan La milmi karin

3.1.2 Geedi socodka socodka

1. Sulfidation: Isku qas budada antimony cayriin leh baaruud at 1:0.3 saamiga tirada, sulfidize at 500 ° C 1 saac
2. Leaching: Isticmaal 2mol/L Na₂S xal, dareere-adag saamiga 5:1, walaaq 80°C ilaa 2 saacadood
3. Shaandhaynta: Ku shaandhayso saxarada shaandhaynta, hadhaaga waa arsenic antimony-yar
4. Dib-u-soo-noolayn: Ku soo geli H₂S sifeynta si dib loogu soo nooleeyo Na₂S

3.1.3 Shuruudaha Habraaca

• Na₂S-fiirsashada: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• Caadi ahaan pH: 12-13
• Hufnaanta Leaching: As>90%, Sb khasaaro <5%

3.2 Habka Leaching Oxidative Ashitada

3.2.1 Mabda'a

Waxay ka faa'iidaysataa oksaydhka sahlan ee arsenic ee xaaladaha asiidhka, iyada oo u adeegsanaysa oksaydhiyeyaasha sida FeCl₃ ama H₂O₂ si loo kala saaro.

3.2.2 Geedi socodka socodka

1. Leaching: In 1.5mol/L HCl xal, ku dar 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, dareere-adag saamiga 8:1
2. Xakamaynta suurtagalka ah: Ku ilaali awoodda oksaydhka ee 400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Kala soocida dareeraha adag: Fakimka sifaynta, u dir sifaynta soo kabashada arsenic
4. Dhaqidda: Ku dhaq haraaga filtarka 3 jeer adigoo isticmaalaya aashitada hydrochloric

4. Habka Sifaynta Electrolytic

4.1 Mabda'a

Wuxuu adeegsadaa farqiga u dhexeeya awoodaha dhigista ee u dhexeeya antimony (+0.212V) iyo arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Socodka Geedi socodka

1. Diyaarinta Anode: Ku tuur antimony cayriin 400 × 600 × 20mm taarikada anode
2. Halabuurka korantada: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, lagu daro (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Xaaladaha korantada:
   • Cufnaanta hadda: 120-150A/m²
   • Korontada gacanta: 0.4-0.6V
   • Heerkulka: 30-35°C
   • Fogaanta korantada: 100mm
4. Wareega: Ka saar unugga 7-10 maalmood kasta

4.3 Tilmaamayaasha Farsamada

• Nadiifinta antimony ee Cathode: ≥99.85%
• Heerka saarista arsenic:>95%
• Waxtarka hadda: 85-90%

5. Farsamooyinka Saaridda Arsenic ee Soo baxaya

5.1 Distillation Vacuum

Marka la eego 0.1-10Pa vacuum, waxay isticmaashaa farqiga cadaadiska uumiga (Sida: 133Pa at 550°C, Sb waxay u baahan tahay 1000°C).

5.2 Plasma Oxidation

Waxay u isticmaashaa balaasmaha heerkulka hooseeya (5000-10000K) si loo doorto oxidation arsenic, waqti habayn gaaban (10-30min), isticmaalka tamarta yar.

6. Isbarbardhigga Hannaanka iyo Talooyinka Xulashada

Talooyinka xulashada:

• Quudin-arsenic-sare ah (As>3%): Doorbida leaching alkali sulfide
• Arsenic dhexdhexaad ah (0.5-3%): Sifaynta alkaline ama korantada
• Shuruudaha nadiifinta sare ee arsenic-hoose: Sifaynta korantada ayaa lagu taliyay

7. Gabagabo

Ka saarida arsenic ee antimony ceeriin waxay u baahan tahay tixgalin dhamaystiran oo ah sifooyinka alaabta ceeriin, shuruudaha alaabta, iyo dhaqaalaha. Hababka pyrometallurgical ee dhaqameedku waxay leeyihiin awood weyn laakiin cadaadis deegaan oo weyn; hababka hydrometallurgical waxay leeyihiin wasakh yar laakiin habab dheer; hababka electrolytic waxay soo saaraan nadiif sare laakiin waxay isticmaalaan tamar badan. Tilmaamaha horumarinta mustaqbalka waxaa ka mid ah:

1. Horumarinta wax-ku-darka isku-dhafka ah ee waxtarka leh
2. Hagaajinta hababka isku dhafan ee marxaladaha badan
3. Hagaajinta ka faa'iidaysiga khayraadka arsenic
4. Yaraynta isticmaalka tamarta iyo qiiqa wasakhowga ah