Habka cadmium talaabooyinka iyo xuduudaha

I. Kahortagista Walaxda Ceyriinka iyo Nadiifinta Koowaad

1. ?Diyaarinta Kaydka Kaydka Nadiifinta Sare ee Cadmium?

• ?Acid dhaqid‌: Dhex geli cadmium heerka-warshadeed ee 5%-10% nitric acid xal 40-60°C 1-2 saacadood si looga saaro oksaydhyada dusha sare iyo wasakhda birta ah. Ku raaci biyo deionized ilaa pH dhexdhexaad ah oo faakuum engejiyaan.
• ?Leaching Hydrometallurgical‌: Ku daawee qashinka cadmium ku jira (tusaale, copper-cadmium slag) sulfuric acid (15-20% fiirsashada) 80-90°C 4-6 saacadood, adiga oo gaadhaya ≥95% waxtarka dheecaanka cadmium Sifee oo ku dar budada zinc (1.2-1.5 jeer saamiga stoichiometric) ee barokaca si aad u hesho cadmium isbuunyo

1. ?Dhalaasha iyo Kaabista?

• Ku dheji cadmium isbuunyo isku dhejis ah oo nadiif ah oo nadiif ah, ku dhalaali jawiga argon ee 320-350 ° C, oo ku shub caaryada garaafka si tartiib tartiib ah u qaboojiso. Foomka ingots leh cufnaanta ≥8.65 g/cm³

II. Sifaynta Aagga

1. ?Qalabka iyo Halbeegyada?

• Isticmaal foornooyinka dhalaalaysa sabbaynaya siman oo leh ballac aagga dhalaalay oo ah 5-8 mm, xawaaruhuna yahay 3-5 mm/saacaddii, iyo 8-12 baas sifayn ah. Heerkulka heerkulku: 50-80 ° C / cm; vacuum ≤10⁻³ Pa‌
• ?Kala soocidda wasakhnimadaAagga soo noqnoqda wuxuu dhaafaa sunta rasaasta, zinc, iyo wasakhyada kale ee dabada gashatay. Ka saar qaybta ugu dambeysa ee 15-20% wasakhda hodanka ku ah, gaarista nadiifinta dhexe ≥99.999%

1. ?Xakamaynta Furaha?

• Heerkulka aagga dhalaalay: 400-450C (wax yar ka sarreeya barta dhalaalka cadmium ee 321°C);
• Heerka qaboojinta: 0.5-1.5 ° C / min si loo yareeyo cilladaha lattice;
• Heerka socodka Argon: 10-15 L / min si looga hortago oksaydhka

III. Sifaynta Electrolytic

1. ?Habka Electrolytka?

• Halabuurka korantada: Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g/L) iyo sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), oo leh 0.01-0.05 g/L gelatin lagu daray si kor loogu qaado cufnaanta kaydka cathode‌

1. ?Hababka Habraaca?

• Anode: saxan cadmium cayriin; Cathode: saxan Titanium;
• Cufnaanta hadda: 80-120 A/m²; Korontada gacanta: 2.0-2.5 V;
• Heerkulka korantada: 30-40 ° C; Muddada: 48-72 saacadood; Nadiifinta Cathode ≥99.99%.

IV. Distillation yaraynta faakuumka

1. ?Dhimista Heerkulka Sare iyo Kala-soocidda?

• Ku rid cadmium ingots foornada faakuumka ah (cadaadiska ≤10⁻² Pa), u soo bixi hydrogen sidii wax dhimis ah, oo kulayl ilaa 800-1000°C si loo yareeyo oksayumka cadmium gaseous. Heerkulka qaboojiyaha: 200-250 ° C; Daahirnimada kama dambaysta ah ≥99.9995%

1. ?Waxtarka ka saarida wasakhda?

• Sunta rasaasta, naxaasta, iyo wasakhda kale ee macdan ≤0.1 ppm;
• Ogsajiinta ku jirta ≤5 ppm‌

V. Czochralski Kobaca Hal Crystal

1. ?Xakamaynta dhalaalay iyo Diyaarinta abuur Crystal?

• Ku shub cadmium nadiif ah oo nadiif ah oo ku shub weelka quartz ee nadiifka ah, ku dhalaali argon hoostiisa 340-360°C. Isticmaal <100>-oriented hal-crystal cadmium abuurka (dhexroor 5-8 mm), horay loo sii dajiyay 800°C si loo baabi'iyo walbahaarka gudaha

1. ?Qiyaasta Jiididda Crystal?

• Xawaaraha jiidista: 1.0-1.5 mm / min (marxaladda hore), 0.3-0.5 mm / min (kobaca gobolka oo joogto ah);
• Wareegga qallafsan: 5-10 rpm (wareeg-wareejin);
• Heerka heerkulka: 2-5 ° C / mm; Isbedbeddelka heerkulka dareeraha-adag-adag ≤±0.5°C‌

1. ?Farsamooyinka Xakamaynta Ciladda?

• ?Caawinta Goobta Magnetka‌: Codso 0.2-0.5 T axial magnetic field si aad u xakamayso qaska dhalaalka oo aad u yarayso xayndaabka wasakhda;
• ?Qaboojinta la xakameeyey‌: Heerka qaboojinta koritaanka ka dib ee 10-20°C/saacaddii waxa ay yaraynaysaa cilladaha kala-baxa ee ay keento diiqada kulaylka.

VI. Processing ka dib iyo Xakamaynta Tayada

1. ?Crystal Machining?

• ?Goynta‌: Isticmaal miinshaarrada siliga dheemanka ah si aad u jarjartid 0.5-1.0 mm wafers at 20-30 m/s xawaaraha silig;
• ?shaandhaynta‌: Kiimikaad dhalaalaysa makaanikada (CMP) oo leh nitric acid-ethanol isku dar ah (1: 5 saamiga saamiga), gaaritaanka qallafsanaanta dusha sare Ra ≤0.5 nm.

1. ?Heerarka Tayada?

• ?daahirnimo‌: GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) waxay xaqiijisaa Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• ?iska caabin‌: ≤5×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (nadiifinta ≥99.9999%);
• ?Hanuuninta Crystallographicleexashada <0.5°; Cufnaanta kala-baxa ≤10³/cm²

VII. Tilmaamaha Hagaajinta Habraaca

1. ?Saaridda wasakhda la Beegsado?

• U adeegso xadhkaha-is-weydaarsiga ion-isweydaarsiga xulashada xayeysiiska ee Cu, Fe, iwm., oo ay weheliso sifaynta aaga-marxalado badan si loo gaadho nadiifnimada darajada 6N (99.9999%)‌

1. ?Casriyeynta Automation-ka?

• Algorithms-yada AI waxay si firfircoon u hagaajiyaan xawaaraha jiidashada, heerkulbeegyada heerkulka, iwm., kordhinta wax-soosaarka laga bilaabo 85% ilaa 93%;
• Kor u qaad cabbirka lakabka ah ilaa 36 inji, taas oo awood u siinaysa quudinta dufcaddii kaliya ee 2800 kg, hoos u dhigista isticmaalka tamarta ilaa 80 kWh/kg

1. ?Joogteynta iyo Soo kabashada Kheyraadka?

• Dib-u-soo-celinta qashinka lagu dhaqo aashitada iyada oo loo marayo beddelka ion (kabashada Cd ≥99.5%);
• Ku dawee gaasaska qiiqa xadhkaha kaarboonka firfircoon + xoqida alkaline (kabashada uumiga cd ≥98%)‌

Soo koobid

Kobaca crystal cadmium iyo geeddi-socodka sifaynta waxa uu mideeyaa hydrometallurgy, sifaynta heerkulka sare ee jirka, iyo tignoolajiyada saxda ah ee koritaanka crystal. Iyada oo loo marayo dheecaanka aashitada, sifaynta aagaga, korantada, vacuum distillation, iyo korriinka Czochralski-oo ay weheliso automation iyo dhaqamada deegaanka-saaxiibtinimada leh-waxa ay awood u siinaysaa wax soo saarka xasilloon ee 6N-fasalka cadmium ee nadiifka ah ee aadka u sarreeya. Kuwani waxay daboolayaan baahiyaha qalabka wax-sheegaha nukliyeerka, agabka sawir-qaadista, iyo aaladaha sare-u-qaadayaasha. Horumarka mustaqbalka ayaa diiradda saari doona korriinka crystal-ka ballaaran, kala saarista wasakhda la beegsaday, iyo soosaarka kaarboon-yar