Kobaca iyo Nadiifinta Kilsriga Tellurium ee 7N

Kobaca iyo Nadiifinta Kilsriga Tellurium ee 7N

I. Daaweynta Kahor iyo Nadiifinta Hore ee Walxaha Cayriin‌

1. ?Xulashada iyo Burburinta Walxaha Cayriin?

• ?Shuruudaha Qalabka‌: Isticmaal macdanta tellurium ama dheeman anode ah (Tirada Te ≥5%), gaar ahaan dheeman anode ah oo naxaas ah (oo ka kooban Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) sida walxo cayriin ah.
• ?Habka Daaweynta Kahor:
• Burburin adag ilaa cabbirka walxaha ≤5mm, ka dibna shiididda kubbadda ilaa ≤200 mesh;
• Kala soocidda birlabta (xoogga goobta birlabta ≥0.8T) si looga saaro Fe, Ni, iyo wasakhda kale ee birlabta;
• Sabeynta ferjiga (pH = 8-9, ururiyaha xanthate) si loo kala saaro SiO₂, CuO, iyo wasakhda kale ee aan magnetic ahayn.
• ?Ka taxadaritaan‌: Ka fogow inaad qoyaanka soo bandhigto inta lagu jiro daaweynta kahor (waxay u baahan tahay qalajin ka hor dubista); xakamee qoyaanka deegaanka ≤30%.

1. ?Dubitaanka iyo Oksaydhka Pyrometallurgical?

• ?Halbeegyada Hab-raaca:
• Heerkulka dubista oksaydhka: 350–600°C (xakamaynta marxaladda: heerkulka hoose ee loogu talagalay in lagu nadiifiyo sulfur-ka, heerkulka sare ee oksaydhka);
• Waqtiga dubista: 6–8 saacadood, iyadoo heerka socodka O₂ uu yahay 5–10 L/daqiiqo;
• Falgalaha: Aashitada sulfuric ee xoogga leh (98% H₂SO₄), saamiga cufka Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5.
• ?Falcelinta Kiimikada:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2​+2H2SO4​→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O
• ?Ka taxadaritaan‌: Xakamee heerkulka ≤600°C si looga hortago daadashada TeO₂ (barta karkaraya 387°C); ku daawee gaaska qiiqa nadiifinta NaOH.

II. Sifeynta Elektroonigga iyo Nadiifinta Faakuumka

1. ?Koronto-saarista?

• ?Nidaamka Elektrooliitka:
• Halabuurka elektrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), wax lagu daro (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L);
• Xakamaynta heerkulka: 30–40°C, heerka socodka wareegga dhiigga waa 1.5–2 m³/saacaddii.
• ?Halbeegyada Hab-raaca:
• Cufnaanta hadda jirta: 100–150 A/m², danab unug 0.2–0.4V;
• Kala fogaanshaha elektroodka: 80–120mm, dhumucda dhigista katoodka 2–3mm/8 saacadood;
• Waxtarka ka saarista wasakhda: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• ?Ka taxadaritaan‌: Si joogto ah u shaandhee elektrolytka (saxnaanta ≤1μm); si farsamo ahaan u nadiifi dusha sare ee anode si looga hortago passivation.

1. ?Nadiifinta Faakuumka?

• ?Halbeegyada Hab-raaca:
• Heerka faakuumka: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, heerkulka sifeynta 600–650°C;
• Heerkulka aagga kondensarka: 200–250°C, Waxtarka kondensarka uumiga ≥95%;
• Waqtiga kala-soocidda: 8–12 saacadood, awoodda hal dufcadood ≤50kg.
• ?Qaybinta Nadaafadda‌: Wasakhda karkaraya ee yar (Se, S) waxay ku ururtaa dhinaca hore ee kondenserka; wasakhda karkaraya ee sare (Pb, Ag) waxay ku sii jirtaa haraaga.
• ?Ka taxadaritaanNidaamka faakuumka kahor bamka ilaa ≤5×10⁻³Pa ka hor inta aan la kululayn si looga hortago oksaydheynta Te.

III. Kobaca Kiristariga (Kirista Jihada)

1. ?Qaabeynta Qalabka?

• ?Moodooyinka Foornada Kobaca Crystal‌: TDR-70A/B (30kg awood) ama TRDL-800 (60kg awood);
• Walax la shiilay karo: Graphite saafi ah oo sarreeya (ka kooban dambas ≤5ppm), cabbirro Φ300×400mm;
• Habka kuleylinta: Kuleylinta iska caabbinta graphite, heerkulka ugu badan waa 1200°C.

1. ?Halbeegyada Hab-raaca?

• ?Xakamaynta Dhalaalka:
• Heerkulka dhalaalka: 500–520°C, qoto dheer oo barkadda dhalaalaysa ah 80–120mm;
• Gaaska difaaca: Ar (daahirnimo ≥99.999%), heerka socodka 10–15 L/daqiiqo.
• ?Cabbiraadaha Kireynta:
• Xawaaraha jiidista: 1–3mm/saacaddii, xawaaraha wareegga kiristaalka 8–12rpm;
• Heerkulka heerkulka: Axial 30–50°C/cm, radial ≤10°C/cm;
• Habka qaboojinta: Saldhigga naxaasta ee biyaha lagu qaboojiyey (heerkulka biyaha 20-25°C), qaboojinta shucaaca sare.

1. ?Xakamaynta Wasakhda?

• ?Saamaynta Kala-soocidda‌: Nadaafad sida Fe, Ni (isku-darka kala-soocidda <0.1) ayaa ku ururta xuduudaha hadhuudhka;
• ?Wareegyada Dhalaalaya‌: 3–5 wareeg, wadarta guud ee wasakhda ah ≤0.1ppm.

1. ?Ka taxadaritaan:

• Ku dabool dusha dhalaalka saxanadaha garaafka si aad u xakameyso isbeddelka heerkulka (heerka khasaaraha ≤0.5%);
• La soco dhexroorka kiristaalka waqtiga dhabta ah adoo isticmaalaya cabbirada laysarka (saxnaanta ± 0.1mm);
• Iska ilaali isbeddelka heerkulka > ±2°C si looga hortago kororka cufnaanta kala-baxa (bartilmaameedka ≤10³/cm²).

IV. Kormeerka Tayada iyo Halbeegyada Muhiimka ah‌

V. Habraacyada Deegaanka iyo Badbaadada‌

1. ?Daaweynta Gaaska Qiiqa:

• Qiiqa duban: Ku dhex mil SO₂ iyo SeO₂ xoqayaasha NaOH (pH≥10);
• Qiiqa sifeynta faakuumka: Isku qas oo soo celiya uumiga; gaasaska haray ee lagu nuugo kaarboon firfircoon.

1. ?Dib-u-warshadaynta Slag:

• Daloolada Anode (oo ka kooban Ag, Au): Soo kabashada iyada oo loo marayo hydrometallurgy (nidaamka H₂SO₄-HCl);
• Hadhaaga elektrolisiska (oo ka kooban Pb, Cu): Ku noqo nidaamyada dhalaalinta naxaasta.

1. ?Tallaabooyinka Badbaadada:

• Hawl-wadeennadu waa inay xirtaan maaskaro gaas ah (uumiga Te waa sun); ilaaliyaan hawo-qaadista cadaadiska taban (heerka sarrifka hawada ≥10 wareeg/saacaddii).

Tilmaamaha Hagaajinta Habka

1. ?La qabsiga Walxaha Cayriin‌: Hagaaji heerkulka dubista iyo saamiga aashitada si firfircoon iyadoo lagu saleynayo ilaha slime-ka anode (tusaale ahaan, dhalaalinta naxaasta iyo rasaasta);
2. ?Iswaafajinta Heerka Jiidista ee Crystal‌: Hagaaji xawaaraha jiidista iyadoo loo eegayo qulqulka dhalaalka (lambarka Reynolds Re≥2000) si loo xakameeyo supercooling-ka dastuuriga ah;
3. ?Waxtarka Tamarta‌: Isticmaal kuleylinta aagga heerkulka laba-heer ah (aagga ugu weyn 500°C, aagga hoose 400°C) si loo yareeyo isticmaalka awoodda iska caabbinta graphite 30%.